Plagiarism Policy

01. Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the act of presenting someone else's work, ideas, or intellectual property as one's own without proper attribution or acknowledgment.

This includes, but is not limited to, copying text, data, images, or concepts from another source without permission where required or without proper citation.

02. Scope

The Plagiarism Policy applies to all submissions to the Pakistan Journal of Management Research (PJMR), including research articles, reviews, editorials, and any other forms of scholarly content.

03. Originality Requirement

All submitted manuscripts must be original and not previously published or under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their work is original, properly attributed, and does not contain plagiarized content.

04. Acceptable Similarity Index (Plagiarism Threshold)

To maintain academic integrity, PJMR follows the following similarity screening limits:

Manuscripts exceeding these limits may be returned to authors for revision or rejected, depending on the nature and severity of the identified overlap.

Exclusions such as references, quotations, and commonly used phrases may be considered during evaluation.

Similarity reports are assessed by the editorial team. A similarity percentage alone does not establish plagiarism, and compliance with the numerical limits does not guarantee that a manuscript is free from plagiarism.

05. Plagiarism Detection

The Pakistan Journal of Management Research (PJMR) uses plagiarism and textual-similarity screening procedures to assess submitted manuscripts.

Where plagiarism detection software is used, the resulting similarity reports are reviewed by the editorial team to determine whether the identified overlap raises concerns about attribution, originality, or publication ethics.

06. Types of Plagiarism

Plagiarism may appear in several forms, including:

• Verbatim Plagiarism: Copying text directly without quotation marks or appropriate citation.
• Paraphrasing Plagiarism: Rewriting another person's content without proper attribution.
• Self-Plagiarism: Reusing substantial portions of one's previously published work without appropriate acknowledgment.
• Conceptual Plagiarism: Using another researcher's ideas, theories, or hypotheses without giving proper credit.

07. Consequences of Plagiarism

Manuscripts found to contain plagiarism may be subject to appropriate editorial action, depending on the seriousness of the violation.

• Rejection: Manuscripts containing serious plagiarism may be rejected.
• Editorial Action: Serious or repeated misconduct may result in submission restrictions and, where justified, notification to relevant institutions following appropriate review.
• Retraction: Published articles found to contain serious plagiarism may be formally retracted with an appropriate retraction notice.

08. Author Responsibilities

Authors are responsible for the originality and integrity of their submitted research. They must:

• Properly cite all sources.
• Ensure ethical research practices.
• Avoid duplicate and redundant publication.
• Disclose any conflicts of interest.

Failure to comply with these responsibilities may result in appropriate editorial or ethical action.